| Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 |
Ref:
Z.-Q. Zhang, 2013: 8.
|
| Articulata ([unranked]) Cuvier |
Ref:
C. Nielsen, 2001: fig. 1.2.
|
| Cœlomata ([unranked]) |
Ref:
E.R. Lankester, 1877: 441.
|
| Coelomates ([unranked]) Hyman, 1951 |
Ref:
R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 48.
|
| Conchozoa (Superphylum) T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 |
Ref:
T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: 235.
[new position] |
| Eucoelomata (Section) |
Ref:
T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 322.
|
| Eumetazoa (Subkingdom) Butschli, 1910 |
Ref:
K.J. Boss, 1982: 945.
|
| Eutrochozoa (Superphylum) Ghiselin, 1988 |
Ref:
K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172.
[inferred rank] [implicit] |
| Lophotrochozoa (Superphylum) Halanych, Bacheller, Aguinaldo, Liva, Hillis & Lake, 1995 |
Ref:
06/12/2004
|
| Metazoa (Subkingdom) Haeckel, 1874 |
Ref:
R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1980: 307.
|
| Neotrochozoa ([unranked]) K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001 |
Ref:
K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172.
[new position] |
| Protostoma (Series) |
Ref:
L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 206.
|
| protostomes (Clade) |
Ref:
L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 290-293.
|
| Spiralia (Superphylum) Schleip, 1929 |
Ref:
M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 44).
|
| Trochozoa ([unranked]) Beklemischev, 1944 |
Ref:
E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 120.
|
| Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 |
Ref:
T. Rees et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 131).
|
| Tetraneuralia (Clade) Wanninger 2009 |
Ref:
F. Marlétaz et al., 2019: 5 (fig. 3).
[inferred rank] |
| Spiralia (Superphylum) Schleip, 1929 |
Ref:
M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 44).
|
| Trochozoa ([unranked]) Beklemischev, 1944 |
Ref:
M.J. Benton, 2015: fig. 1.6 (G. Edgecombe).
[out of scope (coherent)] |
| Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 |
Ref:
Z.-Q. Zhang, 2013: 8.
|
| Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 |
Ref:
Z.-Q. Zhang, 2011: 10.
|
| Trochozoa ([unranked]) Beklemischev, 1944 |
Ref:
A.J. de Winter et al., 2010: 140; 120.
|
| Trochozoa ([unranked]) Beklemischev, 1944 |
Ref:
E.E. Ruppert et al., 2004: 283-412, figs. 9.26B, 14.14B.
|
| fossil marine animal genera (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 |
Ref:
J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 76.
|
| Neotrochozoa ([unranked]) K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001 |
Ref:
K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172, [176]; 205.
[new position] |
| Articulata ([unranked]) Cuvier |
Ref:
C. Nielsen, 2001: 147-165, fig. 1.2.
|
| organisms ([unranked]) |
Ref:
P. Bouchet et al., 2001: 181.
|
| Trochozoa ([unranked]) Beklemischev, 1944 |
Ref:
G. Giribet et al., 2000: 551, fig. 4; 544, tab. 1.
|
| Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 |
Ref:
1998
|
| protostomes (Clade) |
Ref:
L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 290-293.
|
| Conchozoa (Superphylum) T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 |
Ref:
T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: table 4 (p. 235).
[new position] |
| Articulata ([unranked]) Cuvier |
Ref:
C. Nielsen, 1995
|
| Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 |
Ref:
1995
|
| Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 |
Ref:
M.J. Benton & D.H. Erwin, 1993: [125].
[inferred rank] |
| metazoans ([unranked]) Haeckel 1874 |
Ref:
S. Bengtson, 1992: table 23.5 (p. 1026).
|
| Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 |
Ref:
R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 695-769; 4.
|
| Coelomates ([unranked]) Hyman, 1951 |
Ref:
R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 48.
[alternative position] |
| Protostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908 |
Ref:
R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 118.
[alternative position] |
| metazoans ([unranked]) Haeckel 1874 |
Ref:
J. Bergström, 1989: figs. 2, 5.
|
| Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 |
Ref:
R.S. Boardman et al., 1987
|
| Metazoa (Subkingdom) Haeckel, 1874 |
Ref:
R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1980: 307.
|
| Eumetazoa (Subkingdom) Butschli, 1910 |
Ref:
K.J. Boss, 1982: 945.
|
| Protostoma (Series) |
Ref:
L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 206-209.
|
| Eucoelomata (Section) |
Ref:
T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 322.
|
| Bilateralia (Subdivision) |
Ref:
B. Grzimek et al., 1973 (1970): [529].
|
| Cœlomata ([unranked]) |
Ref:
E.R. Lankester, 1877: 441, 448.
|
|
2024 |
Available in Systema Naturae 2000
|
8c;51o;629f;5464g;7422s;327ss;1v; ‡43s;4ss; †5c;58o;528f;847g;87s;1v |
|
1989-present |
Systema Naturae 2000: 24 May 2016
|
[8c] |
|
2020 |
T. Rees et al.: table 2 (p. 131)
|
42,644*ng;16,069[-30,289]*g; †55.4%g |
|
2013 |
Z.-Q. Zhang: 8 (incl. footnote 32)
|
118,061*[84,977]s; †146o;1,288f;13,639g;33,084s |
|
2011 |
Z.-Q. Zhang: 10
|
117,358s |
|
2010 |
A.J. de Winter et al.: 140
|
7[8]c;>115,230s |
|
2008 |
W.F. Ponder & D.R. Lindberg: 1, 8
|
7[-8]c;~200,000s |
|
2000 |
A.H. Scheltema & C. Schander
|
6281g;110,000s; †8656g;40,400s |
|
1998 |
T. Cavalier-Smith
|
[2sp] |
|
1997 |
V.G. Millard: 423
|
[8c;49o;641f;6099g; †2f;162g] |
|
1997 |
TAMU
|
6,281g110,000s; †8,656g40,400s |
|
1995 |
C. Nielsen
|
8c~100,000s |
|
1990 |
R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca
|
8c;>100,000s; †~60,000s |
|
1987 |
R.S. Boardman et al.
|
7c; †1c |
|
1982 |
K.J. Boss
|
[8c;42o;531f];<50,000s |
|
1982 |
L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz
|
7c110,000s |
|
1877 |
E.R. Lankester: 449
|
[7c;17o] |