vascular plants see Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998)
   euphyllophytes see Clade Euphyllophyta Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
     monilophytes - ferns see Clade Monilophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Doyle, Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
       Class Polypodiopsida Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966) - ferns
         1 Order Osmundales Bercht. & J.Presl (1820)
         2.1 Order Hymenophyllales Link (1833)
         2.2 Order Gleicheniales Link (1833)
         2.3.1 Order Schizaeales Schimp. (1869)
         2.3.2 core leptosporangiates